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Introduction of Molecular cell biology Cell theory-test
1、 What did Leeuwenhoek do?
答案: Used simple light microscope and saw microorganisms
2、 He discovered that all animals were made of cells, which contributed to the development of the cell theory:
答案: Theodor Schwann
3、 Who was the first person to see cells under the microscope and give them a name?
答案: Robert Hooke
4、 Which of the following is NOT one of the main components of the cell theory?
答案: cells must contain DNA
Culturing and visualizing cells Culturing and visualizing cells-test
1、 The most direct source of monoclonal antibodies are __ cells.
答案: Hybridoma
2、 The fluorescent properties of dyes such as FITC can provide information on the
答案: location of specific proteins.
3、 What factors necessary for growth of animal cells in culture are provided by serum?
答案: growth factors
4、 What is the advantage of using GFP-tag to visualize specific proteins, instead of staining cells with fluorescent dyes that bind to the target protein?
答案: GFP fusions enable one to track changes in the location of the protein in living cells; staining usually requires fixed cells
5、 Which one cleaves pre-miRNA in the cytoplasm to produce miRNA?
答案: Dicer
6、 A single monoclonal antibody can bind to several different sites on an antigen
答案: 错误
7、 RNAi can be mediated just by introducing the already processed miRNA/siRNA into cells
答案: 正确
8、 _______ degrades mRNAs with sequences complementary to a bound siRNA
答案: RISC
Biomembrane Structure Biomembrane Structure-test
1、 All the following statements describe biomembranes except:
答案: Some biomembranes have free edges.
2、 The major site of lipid synthesis in eukaryotic cells is the
答案: Endoplasmic reticulum
3、 Phospholipids with short or unsaturated fatty acyl chains
答案: increase membrane fluidity.
4、 The _ are transmembrane proteins.
答案: integral membrane proteins
5、 Glycolipids and glycoproteins are especially abundant in the
答案: plasma membrane
6、 Phosphate containing lipids include all of the following except
答案: triglyceride
7、 A lipid bilayer is the fundamental structural component of all cell membranes.
答案: 正确
8、 Maintenance of the lipid bilayer in the plasma membrane requires special enzymes and the hydrolysis of ATP.
答案: 错误
9、 The most abundant lipids in cell membranes are ____.
答案: phospholipids
10、 Sugar-containing lipids called ______ are found only in the outer half of the bilayer and their sugar groups are exposed ac the cell surface.
答案: glycolipids
Transmembrane transport of Ions and small molecules
1、 Classes of membrane transport proteins include all of the following except
答案: protein translocons.
2、 The glucose uniporter GLUT1 has a Km of 1.5 mM for D-glucose and 30 mM for D-galactose. At a concentration of 5 mM for each, what is the rate of glucose transport relative to galactose transport? The Vmax may be assumed to be the same for both.
答案: 5.5-fold faster
3、 How does uniport transport compare to simple diffusion?
答案: Uniport transport is much faster and more specific than simple diffusion.
4、 Which of the four classes of ATP-powered pumps share overall similarity: several subunits, the same general organization, and a similar function in being H+ transporters?
答案: F-class pumps and V-class pumps
5、 How does inhibition of the Na+/K+ ATPase increase the force of heart muscle contraction?
答案: It increases cytosolic Na+ and therefore decreases Ca2+ export
6、 Channel proteins (such as the voltage-gated Na channel) transport ions much faster than carrier proteins (such as the Na-K pump), but they cannot be coupled to an energy source; therefore, transport mediated by channels is always passive.
答案: 正确
7、 The resting membrane potential of a typical animal cell arises predominantly through the action of the Na-K pump, which in each cycle transfers 3 Na ions out of the cell and 2 K into the cell, leaving an excess of negative charges inside the cell.
答案: 错误
8、 The concentration gradient for a charged solute and the membrane potential constitute the _______ gradient for that solute.
答案: electrochemical
9、 Over expression of the ____ in human cancer cells can make these cells simultaneously resistant to a variety of chemically unrelated cytotoxic drugs that we widely used in cancer chemotherapy.
答案: Multidrug-resistance transport protein
10、 In the epithelial cells of the gut Na+-linked symporters in the apical (absorptive) domain of the plasma membrane and Na+-independent transport proteins in the basolateral domain bring about the _______ of absorbed solutes.
答案: Transcellular transport
Cellular Energetics
1、 Where does glycolysis takes place?
答案: Cytosol
2、 Where is the electron transport chain found in plant cells?
答案: Thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts
3、 Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into which location?
答案: Mitochondrial intermembrane space
4、 Inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons follow which pathway?
答案: Citric acid cycle –> NADH –> electron transport chain –> oxygen
5、 Which do the catabolic products of fatty acid breakdown enter into the citric acid cycle?
答案: Acetyl CoA
6、 Brown-fat mitochondria uncouple oxidative phosphorylation to produce____
答案: Heat
7、 During ATP synthesis, protons move “down” their electrochemical gradient through the F0 complex of ATP synthase
答案: 正确
8、 The outer mitochondrial membrane is derived from the bacterial plasma membrane
答案: 错误
9、 ____ is a lipid soluble molecule that acts to shuttle electrons within the mitochondrial inner membrane
答案: CoQ
分析：Coenzyme Q
10、 The energy released by the passage of electrons along the respiratory chain is stored as an_____ across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
答案: proton motive force
分析：electrochemical gradient
Moving Proteins into Membranes and Organelles
1、 Type I membrane proteins have all of the following properties except
答案: internal signal-anchor sequence
2、 Many peroxisomal matrix proteins are imported as
答案: folded proteins
3、 GPI-anchoring serves a special function, especially in polarized epithelial cells because this modification serves to target proteins to the
答案: Plasma membrane
4、 Glycosylation, a post-translational modification to proteins, occurs in the
答案: ER
5、 Protein sequences for targeting to mitochondria is located at
答案: the N-terminus of the precursor protein.
6、 Mitochondrial signal peptides are amphipathic α helical structures with positively charged amino acid one side and negatively charged amino on the other side.
答案: 错误
7、 In mammalian cells the import of proteins into the ER begins before the polypeptide chain is completely synthesized-that is ,it occurs co-translationally.
答案: 正确
8、 The fate of proteins synthesized in the cytosol depends on their amino acid sequence, which can contain _____ that direct their delivery to locations outside the cytosol.
答案: signal
9、 The _____at which the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes appear to be joined are thought to be the sites at which import into the matrix occurs.
答案: contact site
10、 The signal peptide is guided to the membrane of the ER by at least two components:a ___ ,which binds to the signal peptide in the cytosol, and the _______,which is located in the ER membrane .
答案: SRP
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